Medicare and Tricare coverage for oral appliances

Medicare, Tricare and other government insurances should cover oral appliances but that does not mean it will be easy. Medicare requires dentists form a DME, then pays poorly, See question from Eduardo received 8/31/12

Question from Eduardo: Why has my dentist taken so long to see if I can get an oral appliance for sleep apnea and snoring. Also I need to know if most of your Dentist take medicare and Tricare for life, I need to get something going.The doctor I have is taking too long I aplied back in May 2012 and still nothing

Dr Shapira response: Unfortunately while covered by medicare most docs won't take it. Medicare requires that an the dentist has a DME and choice of appliances is very limited. I do not accept medicare and have opted out and medicare patients pay my fee. My office is near great lake navak base but tricare has never paid for an appliance.

The good news is that CPAP is very successful if you can tolerate it. If not you must be proactive with Tricare and/or medicare that they find you a provider.

My suggestion is just to pay out of pocket if you can afford it otherwise get on CPAP while waiting for approval.

The good news about untreated sleep apnea is that it can kill you......the bad news is that it can cause a stroke!

IRA L SHAPIRA DDS, D,ABDSM, D,AAPM, FICCMO

There are several questions when it comes to Medicare coverage. First is whether medicare can afford to take on the cost of oral appliances considering the majority of seniors have some sleep disordered breathing. The requirement that dentists form DME's for each office is ridiculous, expensive and cumbersome. The proper approach is for Medicare to contract with Medicare approved labs that make appliances for sleep apnea and to pay the lab cost directly to the manufacturer. The dentist professional fee should be governed by standard Medicare B pay codes and fees. The alternative is that dentists opt out and patients make private arrangements for professional services.

Medicare should cover appliance manufacturers for the appliance based on specific appliances. My personal feelings is that there should be a minimal qualification of the dentist to have medicare cover the lab costs. A good idea might be to use diplomate status in the AADSM. Dentists who do not meet requirements would just do private contracts for the full amount. The dentist would not need to participate in Medicare but could if they desired.

Labs would have to meet Medicare standards for coverage, a difficult to define and ever changing target. Because labs serve thousands of dentists it would be financially effective.

It should be clearly understood that medicare would limit the number of appliance types.

In Illinois, Southern Wisconsin I personally treat patients with medicare after an opt out is signed. Patients who opt out of medicare can use the appliance of their choosing but must pay for it themselves.

Incomplete Resolution of Sleep Apnea Can Be Corrected With Tongue Tapper

I recently had a request from a Dentist about how the Tongue Tapper works. It is something that I add to an oral appliance on occasion when incomplete resolution of sleep apnea is a problem.

Don: Dr.S, In one of the recent AADSM forum discussions you mentioned a tongue tapper to help with tongue reflexes. Can you share how you do that with a MAD? Thank.

Dr Shapira Response:I use a 1 mm ortho spring wire from either the lower or upper appliance with a small composite or acrylic button that very lightly touches the posterior lateral surface of the tongue. If the tongue drops back and touches it elicits a protrusive reflex of the tongue.

Light touch not brute force similar to how tonsils cause tongue thrusts.

THERE ARE MANY ORAL AND PHARYNGEAL REFLEXES THAT CAN EFFECT BREATHING IN SLEEP. THE TONGUE TAPPER TAKES ADVANTAGE OF ONE OF THESE REFLEXES TO CREATE TONGUE PROTRUSION. ONE OF THE REASONS I LIKE THE TAP 1 APPLIANCE IS THAT IT ELIMINATES OR DECREASES RETRUSIVE TONGUE REFLEXES.

tHE MOSES APPLIANCE IS DESIGNED TO PREVENT RETRUSIVE REFLEXES AS WELL.

I NEED HELP WITH MY CPAP MASK!

TOM:

I NEED HELP WITH MY CPAP MASK. I HAVE TRIED SEVERAL BUT HAVE CONTINUOUS PROBLEMS WITH LEAKS AND DRY EYES. THE NASAL PILLOWS WERE AN IMPROVEMENT OVER THE NASAL MASK FOR A WHILE BUT THE QUIT WORKING. I AM NOW USING A FULL FACE MASK WHICK IS OK ON SOME NIGHTS BUT I FEEL WORSE THAN I DID BEFORE CPAP. MY DOCTOR TOLD ME I AM NOT A CANDIDATE FOR AN ORAL APPLIANCE BECAUSE MY APNEA IS SEVERE. I QUIT BREATHING 50 TIMES AN HOUR. I USUALLY MANAGE TO GET AN HOUR OF TWO OF SLEEP BEFORE I GIVE UP ON IT. HELP!

DR SHAPIRA RESPONSE: Tom, I understand your frustration and I commend you on your efforts to comply with treatment. 60% of patients give up on CPAP and that is very dangerous. I suggest that you get a copy of your sleep study and contact a dentist who is experienced in treating sleep apnea. Oral appliances are a comfortable alternative to CPAP and are a first line choice for treatment of mild to moderate sleep apnea according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. They are an acceptable alternative to CPAP for severe sleep apnea when patients do not tolerate or want CPAP treatment.

I advise you to continue to use your CPAP with your appliance until after a sleep study show the it is effective. Recent studies have shown that properly titrated appliances are as effective as CPAP and can be used for severe apnea in many patients. It is vital that a titration sleep study be done to find the ideal position to maintain an open airway.

An appliance that is not properly adjusted is a "POP" or piece of plastic not an effective treatment unless your problem is a congenital lack of plastic.

I frequently see patients who say they tried an appliance and it didn't work. This is usually because the dentist did not choose the right appliance or properly adjust it for effective treatment. Their is both art and science to the field of Dental Sleep Medicine. Many doctors take a single course from a manufacturer of appliances and only have one tool in their belt. When I teach my courses I purposely limit class size to six dentists and their teams to insure that each dentist has a comprehensive understanding of sleep medicine and the role of the dentist. It is also important to understand the basic principles and how different anatomy may demand different types of appliances. I do have my favorits based of effectiveness.

I am frequently asked by dentists what is the best oral appliance. The answer is that it depends on many factors and different appliance are best for different patients.

Surgery is also an option for treating sleep apnea but is no longer considered a first line treatment because of high morbidity and poor results. I stronly suggest you avoid soft palate surgery ie UP3, LAUP, Somnoplasty, Pillars. Tongue reduction is a more useful surgery but can be brutal. If contemplating base of tongue surgery somnoplasty is a good choice but several procedures will probably be necessary. Nasal surgery can be helpful but is rarely a cure. It can make both oral appliance therapy and CPAP more effective and comfortable and can improve your quality of life if you live with chronic impaired breathing 24/7.

Bimaxillary advancement or madibular advancement or chin advancement can be very effective but a trial with an oral appliance is recommended prior to surgery to determine the amount of advancement that is necessary. You do not want to go thru traumatic surgery and still need CPAP afterwards.

If you are in the midwest, Illinois or Wisconsin feel free to see me in Chicago, Gurnee, Skokie, Vernon Hills or Schaumburg.
Good Luck Tom

GOOD NEWS - BAD NEWS ABOUT SLEEP APNEA

The good news about sleep apnea is that it easily diagnosed and treated.

The bad news is that sleep apnea can cause Hypertension and an estimated 50-70% of people with sleep apnea have hypertension, or high blood pressure. This increases the risk for heart attack, stroke, and other health problems.

The Good news is that sleep apnea is easily and effectively treated with CPAP.

The bad news about sleep apnea is that 60% of patients diagnosed with sleep apnea cannot tolerate CPAP. When sleep apnea is not treated it can lead to Coronary Heart Disease. Sleep apnea can lead to activation of the sympathetic nervous system which is responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response. Sleep apnea also is responsible for problems with the lining of blood vessels, inflammation, and problems with metabolic regulation.

The good news is that oral appliances are a comfortable alternative to CPAP.

The bad news is that your doctor probably never told you that oral appliances are considered a first line treatment for mild to moderate sleep apnea. Because patients are unaware of this effective and comfortable alternative to CPAP they are at increased risk for Stroke, Chronic Heart Failure and Sudden Death.

The association between stroke and sleep apnea according to considerable research is as convincing as the association between smoking and stroke. During apneic episodes the blood vessels of the brain dilate when the oxygen levels fall. Patients with sleep apnea are more susceptible to clots that may lead to stroke. Research has shown that the number of strokes in patients with untreated sleep apnea are staggering and that 40-60% of people experiencing strokes have been found to have obstructive sleep apnea. In addition to stoke sleep apnea leads to chronic heart failure and numerous serious cosequences from this condition as well as a staggering risk of dying in their sleep. Half of patients with sleep apnea die between midnight and 6 AM compared to only 21% of patients without sleep apnea.

The good news is that weight loss can improve sleep apnea.

The bad news is that it is almost impossible for patients with untreated sleep apnea to lose weight because of metabolic changes associated with their sleep apnea.

The good news is that oral appliances are effective for treating sleep apnea and that the vast majority of patients prefer them to CPAP. Patients who treat their sleep apnea with oral appliances usually have more energy and find it easier to exercise and to lose weight.

The bad news is that patients who treat their sleep apnea with oral appliances need to save more for retirement.

The good new is the reason they need to save more is because they live longer.

The bad news about sleep apnea is that patients with untreated sleep apnea have a six-fold increase in motor vehicle accidents and slower reaction times than drivers who are legally drunk.

The good news is effective treatment with CPAP or a comfortable oral appliance reduces that risk to to normal. Also good news is that recent studies have shown that when properly titrated oral appliances can be as effective as CPAP for a majority of patients with severe sleep apnea.

The bad news is that snoring and associated sleep apnea can lead to marital difficulties, separate bedrooms, reduced sex drive and even impotence. According to a study at Mayo Clinic spouse of snorers lose up to 15% of their sleep. According to anecdotal evidence I have seen this pisses them off.

The good news is that there are oral appliances with volume controls for the spouse to turn off the snoring and eliminate sleep apnea. The bad news is your spouse will live longer, no thats the good news.

Saving Marriages: Elimination of Snoring and Sleep Apnea Can Improve Marriages Inside and Outside the Bedroom

Snoring is often considered funny ,but it can seriously disrupt otherwise good marriages. The spouses of snorers lose up to 15% of their sleep according to Mayo Clinic. This can lead to shortened tempers, weight gain, daytime sleepiness and buried anger and hostility for your spouse. Frequently, it leads to one of the partners leaving the marriage bed on search of quiet.

Sleep Apnea, is usually characterized by snoring and excessive daytime sleepiness but other symptoms can be devastating to marriage tranquility. Communication breakdown is frequent due to short term memory loss associated with untreated sleep apnea. Motor vehicle accidents, personality changes and trouble at work are also frequently seen in patients with sleep apnea.

Of course there are many medical problems associated with sleep apnea and snoring but often the damage to interpersonal relationships can be the most damaging. There is frequently hostility directed toward the patient who refuses treatment.

The primary reason patients refuse treatment is the the "HATE CPAP!". Studies have shown that 60 % of patients abandon CPAP. Not wanting to wear CPAP is also a major reason that patients avoid being evaluated for sleep apnea. This avoidance can lead to heart attacks, strokes and other serious medical consequences.

It is vital that sleep apnea be treated effectively but it does not matter if the effective treatment is CPAP, BiPAP, and Oral appliance or surgery.

Cardiologists embrace oral appliances as an alternative treatment to CPAP for sleep apnea

Cardiologists have long recognized that sleep apnea is a leading cause of hypertension (high blood pressure), heart attacks and strokes. Cardiologists have referred patients for sleep studies and CPAP therapy for years. Cardiologists have become disillusioned by the poor compliance with CPAP that has been documented in patients with sleep apnea. The majority of patients with mild apnea as well as moderate and severe sleep apnea reject CPAP in large numbers. A recent study showed 60% of patients abandon CPAP therapy.

Cardiologists who are proponents of sleep apnea treatment are referring more and more patients for oral appliance therapy as an alternative to CPAP. They recognize that CPAP therapy is worthless if it is not used. Oral appliances are considered a first line treatment for mild to moderate sleep apnea. Oral appliance therapy is also an alternative to CPAP for severe sleep apnea when patients do not toleratte CPAP.

THE MAJORITY OF PATIENTS DO NOT TOLERATE CPAP!!! MEDICARE IS NO LONGER COVERING CPAP THERAPY FOR PATIENTS WHO DO NOT USE CPAP ON A REGULAR BASIS. MOST PATIENTS DO NOT USE CPAP ON A REGULAR BASIS.

Cardiologists are more comfortable referring patients for CPAP but have come to realize that patients are much more compliant with oral applainces than CPAP.

This means that patients use their oral appliances to treat their sleep apnea. Cardiologists know this is vital to their patients health. While CPAP may be more effective for some patients it is a total treatment failure for those patients who do not use their CPAP.

In addition to heart attacks and stroke untreated sleep apnea can also cause short term memory loss, lead to drammatic increases n motor vehicle accidents because patients with untreated sleep apnea have slower reaction times than patients who are legally intoxicated. Untreated sleep apnea can increase severity and speed of onset of Alzheimer's and Dementia, is implicated in up to 80% of ADD and ADHD in children, can increase the severity of metabolic problems from diabetes to obesity.

The National Sleep Foundation has declared that oral appliances are a therapy whose time has come!

The American Academy of Sleep Medicine considers oral appliances to be a first line treatment for mild to moderate sleep apnea.

The American Academy of Dental Sleep Medicine has published reports on the success of treating severe sleep apnea with comfortable oral appliances.

MORBIDLY OBESE PATIENTS SHOULD STILL CONSIDER CPAP AS THE TREATMENT OF CHOICE. A RECENT STUDY SHOWED THAT PROPERLY TITRATED ORAL APPLIANCES ARE EQUALLY EFFECTIVE TO CPAP FOR SLEEP APNEA PATIENTS.

THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT HAS ENDORSED ORAL APPLIANCES FOR TREATING SLEEP APNEA BY ACCEPTING DENTAL SLEEP MEDICINE FOR COVERAGE UNDER MEDICARE.

THE NEW MEDICARE POLICY ALSO RECOGNIZES THE DISMAL COMPLIANCE RATES OF CPAP WITH NEW MINIMAL USAGE REQUIREMENT FOR CPAP COVERAGE. THIS NEW POLICY WILL BENEFIT EVERYONE AS MANUFACTURERS AND DME'S WORK TO INCREASE COMPLIANCE WITH CPAP.

WHAT IS THE GOLD STANDARD OF TREATMENT FOR SLEEP APNEA?

THE QUESTION OF WHAT IS THE BEST SLEEP APNEA TREATMENT IS ACTUALLY A VERY POOR QUESTION. THE CORRECT QUESTION IS WHAT IS THE BEST SLEEP APNEA TREATMENT FOR A SPECIFIC PATIENT. Most patients prefer oral appliances to CPAP.

CPAP or Continuous Positive Air Pressure has long been considered the "Gold Standard" for treating sleep apnea. It is extremely effective when patients use it but patient compliance has always been a major problem It is interesting that the NHLBI lists oral appliances before CPAP. (See website info below) but also says that oral appliances are for mild apnea and snoring while it has now been shown that when properly titrated Oral Appliances are equally effective to CPAP for treating mild to moderate sleep apnea. Oral Appliances are also considered to be an alternative to CPAP when it is not tolerated.

The NHLBI website states
"The goals of treating sleep apnea are to:
Restore regular breathing during sleep
Relieve symptoms such as loud snoring and daytime sleepiness
Treatment may improve other medical problems linked to sleep apnea, such as high blood pressure. Treatment also can reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes."

Approximately one in four CPAP users actually meet those goals. Those patients generally adapt easily to CPAP and rarely go without using it. 60% of patients abandon CPAP entirely and 15% struggle with it and use it in less that effective manner. It is the 75% that are not adequately treated with CPAP that usually utilize oral appliances or surgery. Oral Appliances are also not tolerated by everyone and patients need significant numbers of teeth or implants to use many types of appliances. While most patients prefer oral appliances to CPAP there are some patients who do not tolerate appliances and must seek alternative treatments.

This Goal statement is a very interesting statement. Is use of CPAP a restoration of "Normal Breathing" or "Regular Breathing" ? I would propose that an effectively titrated oral appliance actually restores both regular and normal breathing. CPAP breathing is not "normal" trhough it may be regular. BiPAP breathing is probably closer to "normal" breathing.

Secondly treatment should relieve snoring and daytime sleepiness. Daytime sleepiness is an interesting aspect as it can be measured subjectively (patient opinion) or objectively by MSLT (multiple sleep latency test) or MWT (Maintenance of Wakefulness Test)

Patients utilizing oral appliances frequently report being more rested with an oral appliance than when treated with CPAP even when the CPAP machine gave more complete resolution of AHI. This may be a difference between regular and normal breathing.

The statement "Treatment may improve other medical problems linked to sleep apnea, such as high blood pressure. Treatment also can reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes" is extremely important. Treatment of sleep apnea has numerous health benefits. These benefits are achieved with CPAP, Surgery and Oral Appliances.

The NHLBI site also discusses that some patients may benefit from surgery. It is important to note that the surgery must meet the goals stated. Soft palate surgery does not restore regular breathing and should be cosidered adjunctive surgery not curative surgery.


THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS TAKEN FROM THE NATIONAL HEART LUNG AND BLOOD INSTITUTE WEBSITE http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/SleepApnea/SleepApnea_Treatments.html

How Is Sleep Apnea Treated?

Lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, breathing devices, and surgery are used to treat sleep apnea. Medicines typically aren't used to treat the condition.

The goals of treating sleep apnea are to:

Restore regular breathing during sleep
Relieve symptoms such as loud snoring and daytime sleepiness
Treatment may improve other medical problems linked to sleep apnea, such as high blood pressure. Treatment also can reduce your risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

If you have sleep apnea, talk with your doctor or sleep specialist about the treatment options that will work best for you.

Lifestyle changes and/or mouthpieces may be enough to relieve mild sleep apnea. People who have moderate or severe sleep apnea may need breathing devices or surgery.

If you continue to have daytime sleepiness despite treatment, your doctor may ask whether you're getting enough sleep. (Adults should get at least 7 to 8 hours of sleep; children and adolescents need more.)

If treatment and enough sleep don't relieve your daytime sleepiness, your doctor will consider other treatment options.

Lifestyle Changes

If you have mild sleep apnea, some changes in daily activities or habits may be all the treatment you need.

Avoid alcohol and medicines that make you sleepy. They make it harder for your throat to stay open while you sleep.
Lose weight if you're overweight or obese. Even a little weight loss can improve your symptoms.
Sleep on your side instead of your back to help keep your throat open. You can sleep with special pillows or shirts that prevent you from sleeping on your back.
Keep your nasal passages open at night with nasal sprays or allergy medicines, if needed. Talk with your doctor about whether these treatments might help you.
If you smoke, quit. Talk with your doctor about programs and products that can help you quit smoking.
Mouthpieces

A mouthpiece, sometimes called an oral appliance, may help some people who have mild sleep apnea. Your doctor also may recommend a mouthpiece if you snore loudly but don't have sleep apnea.

A dentist or orthodontist can make a custom-fit plastic mouthpiece for treating sleep apnea. (An orthodontist specializes in correcting teeth or jaw problems.) The mouthpiece will adjust your lower jaw and your tongue to help keep your airways open while you sleep.

If you use a mouthpiece, tell your doctor if you have discomfort or pain while using the device. You may need periodic office visits so your doctor can adjust your mouthpiece to fit better.

Breathing Devices

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) is the most common treatment for moderate to severe sleep apnea in adults. A CPAP machine uses a mask that fits over your mouth and nose, or just over your nose. The machine gently blows air into your throat.

The air presses on the wall of your airway. The air pressure is adjusted so that it's just enough to stop the airways from becoming narrowed or blocked during sleep.

Treating sleep apnea may help you stop snoring. But not snoring doesn't mean that you no longer have sleep apnea or can stop using CPAP. Sleep apnea will return if CPAP is stopped or not used correctly.

Usually, a technician will come to your home to bring the CPAP equipment. The technician will set up the CPAP machine and adjust it based on your doctor's prescription. After the initial setup, you may need to have the CPAP adjusted on occasion for the best results.

CPAP treatment may cause side effects in some people. These side effects include a dry or stuffy nose, irritated skin on your face, dry mouth, and headaches. If your CPAP isn't adjusted properly, you may get stomach bloating and discomfort while wearing the mask.

If you're having trouble with CPAP side effects, work with your sleep specialist, his or her nursing staff, and the CPAP technician. Together, you can take steps to reduce these side effects. These steps include adjusting the CPAP settings or the size/fit of the mask, or adding moisture to the air as it flows through the mask. A nasal spray may relieve a dry, stuffy, or runny nose.

There are many types of CPAP machines and masks. Tell your doctor if you're not happy with the type you're using. He or she may suggest switching to a different type that may work better for you.

People who have severe sleep apnea symptoms generally feel much better once they begin treatment with CPAP.

Surgery

Some people who have sleep apnea may benefit from surgery. The type of surgery and how well it works depend on the cause of the sleep apnea.

Surgery is done to widen breathing passages. It usually involves shrinking, stiffening, or removing excess tissue in the mouth and throat or resetting the lower jaw.

Surgery to shrink or stiffen excess tissue in the mouth or throat is done in a doctor's office or a hospital. Shrinking tissue may involve small shots or other treatments to the tissue. A series of such treatments may be needed to shrink the excess tissue. To stiffen excess tissue, the doctor makes a small cut in the tissue and inserts a small piece of stiff plastic.

Surgery to remove excess tissue is done in a hospital. You're given medicine that makes you sleep during the surgery. After surgery, you may have throat pain that lasts for 1 to 2 weeks.

Surgery to remove the tonsils, if they're blocking the airway, may be very helpful for some children. Your child's doctor may suggest waiting some time to see whether these tissues shrink on their own. This is common as small children grow.

What is the best oral appliance for treating sleep apnea?

Any appliance that eliminates sleep apnea is a "best" choice.

The TAP appliances are the most effective for severe sleep apnea. I discuss which appliance is most appropriate for each patient based on their sleep study results, overall health, dental health and many other factors.

This is why I always set up each patient for a one hour consultation to explore multiple alternatives and to help my patients make informed choices on which treatment is most effective for treating each individuals sleep disorder.

I believe each patient deserves to understand how sleep apnea occurs and all treatment alternatives not just be "sold" an Appliance.

It is also important to insure successful treatment by doing follow-up sleep studies with appliances in place to insure efficacy.

I always give a full year of necessary follow-up visits when I make a patient an appliance. Appliances are not 100% successful but with proper follow-up they are 90-95% successful and vastly prefered to CPAP. Most patients have minimal problems with appliances but a small percentage may need several problem solving appointments.

Chosing the proper appliance for each patient eliminates the majority of problems.

Sleep Apenea Surgery: Soft Palate Surgery is rarely, if ever a first line treatment for sleep apnea.

There are only two first line treatments for Sleep Apnea, CPAP and Oral Appliances. CPAP is extremely effective but the majority of patients abandon CPAP use due to comfort issues. Oral Appliances are a first line treatment for mild to moderate sleep apnea and an alternative to CPAP for the 60% of patients who abandon CPAP and those who use CPAP but just want to experience a more comfortable alternative to CPAP.

Note: For the morbidly obese CPAP is still the best treatment, for younger thinner and healthier patients oral appliances are effective and easy to fit into busy lifestyles.

Surgery, especiall soft palate surgery used to be considered a first line of treatment for sleep apnea but dismal results and high morbidity have relegated soft palate surery to a secondary proceedure, at best.

There were several types of soft palate surgery but the grandfather of all was the UP3, UPPP surgery or Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty. This surgery was excruciatingly painful, had a high morbidity and was usually unsuccessful in treating sleep apnea. According to Wikipedia the risks of UP3 surgery include:

"One of the risks is that by cutting the tissues, excess scar tissue can "tighten" the airway and make it even smaller than it was before UPPP. Some individuals who have undergone UPPP experienced a worsening of their breathing following UPPP.
Others have spoken of severe acid reflux.
After surgery, complications may include these:
Sleepiness and sleep apnea related to post-surgery medication
Swelling, infection and bleeding
A sore throat and/or difficulty swallowing
Drainage of secretions into the nose and a nasal quality to the voice. English language speech does not seem to be affected by this surgery.
Narrowing of the airway in the nose and throat (hence constricting breathing) snoring and even iatrogenically caused sleep apnea.
Patients who have had the uvula removed will become unable to correctly speak French or any other language that has a uvular 'r' phoneme."

All surgeries to the soft palate carry risk and are painful. The LAUP procedure or Laser Assisted Uvuloplasty was less painful than up3 but still very painful. There was less chance of scarrig that dangerously narrowed the airway as seen with UP3.

Somnoplasty of the soft palate was less painful but equally ineffective in treating sleep apnea. Somnoplasty is a procedure to consider in patients with soft palate snoring and no sleep apnea. Other surgical alternatives are snoreplasty and pillars which again are useful for snoring but minimally helpful for treating sleep apnea.

Tracheotomy is the grandfather of surgeries and allows patients to breathe thru their throats. It is very successful but most patients do not want a long term tracheotomy.

The majority of sleep apnea is caused by the base of the tongue obstructing the airway or pressing on the epiglottis that blocks the airway.

There are several procedures that can be done to either advance the tongue or make it smaller. Somnoplasty on the base of the tongue is probably the preferred surgery for most patients contemplating reducing tongue size.

MaxilloMandibular Advancement is probably the most successful sleep apnea surgery but is extensive surgery carring definite risks. I strongly recommentd that patients undergoing this rocedure avoid ENT's and Plastic Surgeons and utilize Oral Surgeons with extensive experience in this type of surgery. The dental background of Oral surgeons make themthe first choice. They frequently do these surgeries for orthodontic purposes and understand stomatognathic function.

PATIENTS CONTEMPLATING MAXILLOMANDIBULAR ADVANCEMENT SHOULD ALMOST ALWAYS GO THRU A TRIAL OF AN ORAL APPLIANCE TO DETERMINE THE BEST POSITION FOR THE JAWS AFTER THIS RADICAL SURGERY. THIS WILL PREVENT NEEDLESS SECONDARY SURGERIES.

Nasal surgery is frequently helpful but rarely is a cure for apnea when done alone. Correction of deviated septums and turbinate reduction offer greater comfort for most patients with obstructed breathing due to anatomical or allergic problems.

Nasal surgery is usually and ENT procedure but is frequently one by oral surgeons as well.

Pediatric patients with sleep apnea are usually candidates for removal of tonsils and adenoids. While effective at opening the pharyngeal airway newer research suggests that orthodontic widening of the hard palate should be done either before or after T&A procedures. Widening prior to surgery may reduce post-operative complications.

Sleep apnea is probably responsible for at least 80% of the cases ADD and ADHD in children. The earlier the airway obstructions are addressed the healthier it is for future development.

Restless Legs and Celiac Disease

Below is an interesting abstract that ties restless legs to low serum feritin and restless legs to Celiac disease.. Sometimes restless legs is tied to UARS or RERA's other times it is due to low feritin levels or other problems.



Sleep Med. 2009 Aug;10(7):763-5. Epub 2009 Jan 12.
Celiac disease as a possible cause for low serum ferritin in patients with restless legs syndrome.
Manchanda S, Davies CR, Picchietti D.

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, College of Medicine, 506 S. Mathews Avenue, Suite 190, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. smanchan@illinois.edu
OBJECTIVE: To describe celiac disease (CD) as a possible cause for low serum ferritin in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS). BACKGROUND: Low iron stores have been found to be a risk factor for RLS with serum ferritin levels less than 45-50 ng/mL associated with increased severity of RLS. It has become routine clinical practice to test serum ferritin in the initial assessment of RLS. CD is a common genetic disorder that can cause iron deficiency. METHODS: Consecutive case series of four patients with RLS and serum ferritin below 25 ng/mL, who had positive screening tests for celiac disease. RESULTS: We report four patients who had serum ferritin < 12 ng/mL and positive screening tests for CD. All had CD confirmed by duodenal biopsy and response to a gluten-free diet. RLS symptoms improved in all four, with two able to discontinue RLS medication and two responding without medication. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with RLS and low serum ferritin who do not have an obvious cause for iron deficiency, we suggest looking for CD by simple, inexpensive serologic testing. Diagnosis and treatment of CD is likely to improve the outcome for RLS, as well as identify individuals who are at risk for the significant long-term complications of CD.

PMID: 19138881 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]